{"id":50852,"date":"2024-09-16T01:55:08","date_gmt":"2024-09-15T23:55:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/?post_type=infopool&#038;p=50852"},"modified":"2025-10-09T12:07:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T10:07:39","slug":"agroecology","status":"publish","type":"infopool","link":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/infopool\/agroecology\/","title":{"rendered":"About Agroecology"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"50852\" class=\"elementor elementor-50852\" data-elementor-post-type=\"infopool\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4f3015 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f4f3015\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_container_extras&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82dc8cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"82dc8cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-117a2c6b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"117a2c6b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"define\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a3b68c elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"4a3b68c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de7ccbd elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"de7ccbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Defining agroecology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3909aef2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3909aef2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-505d7800 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"505d7800\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52d219df text elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52d219df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>International consensus by governments and scientists<\/h2><p>A commonly agreed definition of agroecology defines it as \u201can integrated approach that simultaneously applies ecological and social concepts and principles to the design and management of food and agricultural systems. It seeks to optimize the interactions between plants, animals, humans, and the environment while taking into consideration the social aspects that need to be addressed for a sustainable and fair food system.&#8221; (FAO &#8211; 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/agroecology\/home\/en\/\">Agroecology Knowledge Hub<\/a>.)<\/p><p>Agroecology is based on the 13 Principles of Agroecology defined by the High-Level<br \/>Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE-FSN) of the Committee on<br \/>World Food Security (CFS), published in 2019 and aligned with the 10 Elements of Agroecology approved by the 197 Member States of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in December of the same year. The elements resulted from a multi-stakeholder process organized by FAO. The HLPE is a science-policy interface of the UN Committee on World Food Security (CFS) aiming to facilitate policy debates and to provide independent, comprehensive, and evidence-based analysis.<\/p><p>How did we get there? In 2017, the CFS requested the HLPE to produce a report on \u201cAgroecological approaches and other innovations for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition.\u201d In this report, the HLPE consolidated a list of 13 principles building on Nicholls et al. (2016), CIDSE (2018), and FAO (2018). These principles are now widely used by CSOs, NGOs, and researchers around the globe. Furthermore, the HLPE linked each principle to one of the three operational principles on sustainable food systems which they introduced in a report in 2016.<\/p><h2>The 13 principles of agroecology\u00a0<\/h2><p>In their report, the HLPE defines an agroecological approach to sustainable food systems to achieve food security and nutrition:<\/p><p>Building on different sets of agroecological principles (Nicholls et al. 2016, CIDSE 2018, and FAO 2018), the HLPE aimed to find the smallest, non-repetitive but comprehensive set of principles and came up with the 13 principles of agroecology. While every agroecological principle is linked to one specific operational principle, oftentimes agroecological principles contribute to several operational principles.<\/p><p>Find more historical background and details under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/?post_type=infopool&amp;p=50973\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Definition and Principles.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6ca08e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d6ca08e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_container_extras&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da00c02 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"da00c02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\n<style>\n\t#hotspot-62254 .hotspots-image-container,\n\t#hotspot-62254 .leaflet-container {\n\t\tbackground: #ffffff\t}\n\n\t#hotspot-62254 .hotspots-placeholder {\n\t\tbackground: #506e32;\n\t\tborder: 0 #506e32 solid;\n\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\n\t}\n\n\t#hotspot-62254 .hotspot-title {\n\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\n\t}\n\n\t\/* Allow long heading words (e.g. long compound words) to wrap instead of being clipped by the info box *\/\n\t#hotspot-62254 .hotspot-title,\n\t.featherlight .featherlight-content.lightbox-62254 .hotspot-title {\n\t\toverflow-wrap: break-word;\n\t\tword-break: break-word;\n\t}\n\n\t\t\t#hotspot-62254 .hotspot-default {\n\t\t\tstroke-width: -1;\n\t\t\tfill: #ffffff;\n\t\t\tfill-opacity: 0;\n\t\t\tstroke: #ffffff;\n\t\t\tstroke-opacity: 0;\n\t\t}\n\t\t#hotspot-62254 .hotspot-default:hover,\n\t\t#hotspot-62254 .hotspot-default:focus-visible,\n\t\t#hotspot-62254 .hotspot-default.hotspot-active {\n\t\t\tfill: #ffffff;\n\t\t\tfill-opacity: 0.01;\n\t\t\tstroke: #14576d;\n\t\t\tstroke-opacity: 0.01;\n\t\t}\n\t\t#hotspot-62254 .leaflet-tooltip,\n\t#hotspot-62254 .leaflet-rrose-content-wrapper {\n\t\tbackground: #506e32;\n\t\tborder-color: #506e32;\n\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\n\t}\n\n\t#hotspot-62254 a.leaflet-rrose-close-button {\n\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\n\t}\n\n\t#hotspot-62254 .leaflet-rrose-tip {\n\t\tbackground: #506e32;\n\t}\n\n\t#hotspot-62254 .leaflet-popup-scrolled {\n\t\tborder-bottom-color: #ffffff;\n\t\tborder-top-color: #ffffff;\n\t}\n\n\t#hotspot-62254 .leaflet-tooltip-top:before {\n\t\tborder-top-color: #506e32;\n\t}\n\n\t#hotspot-62254 .leaflet-tooltip-bottom:before {\n\t\tborder-bottom-color: #506e32;\n\t}\n\t#hotspot-62254 .leaflet-tooltip-left:before {\n\t\tborder-left-color: #506e32;\n\t}\n\t#hotspot-62254 .leaflet-tooltip-right:before {\n\t\tborder-right-color: #506e32;\n\t}\n<\/style>\n\n\t\n\t<div class=\"hotspots-container  layout-left event-click\" id=\"hotspot-62254\" data-layout=\"left\" data-trigger=\"click\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hotspots-interaction\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspots-placeholder\" id=\"content-hotspot-62254\">\n\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-initial\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hotspot-title\">\n\t\t\t\tExplore Agroecology\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Agroecology is more than just a simple definition. Explore the concept and underlying principles by clicking on the pies in the chart!<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"hotspots-image-container\">\n\t<img\n\t\twidth=\"2519\"\n\t\theight=\"1876\"\n\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/13principles_interactive-1.png\"\n\t\talt=\"Explore Agroecology\"\n\t\tclass=\"hotspots-image skip-lazy\"\n\t\tusemap=\"#hotspots-image-62254\"\n\t\tdata-image-title=\"Explore Agroecology\"\n\t\tdata-image-description=\"Agroecology is more than just a simple definition. 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diets\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-action=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-color-scheme=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"more-info-area\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<area\n\t\t\t\t\tshape=\"polygon\"\n\t\t\t\t\tcoords=\"1877,744,2174,660,2229,940,1915,929\"\n\t\t\t\t\thref=\"#hotspot-hotspot-62254-9\"\n\t\t\t\t\trel=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle=\"Fairness\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Fairness\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-action=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-color-scheme=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"more-info-area\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<area\n\t\t\t\t\tshape=\"polygon\"\n\t\t\t\t\tcoords=\"1913,957,2237,963,2183,1207,1861,1163,1897,1054\"\n\t\t\t\t\thref=\"#hotspot-hotspot-62254-10\"\n\t\t\t\t\trel=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle=\"Connectivity\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Connectivity\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-action=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-color-scheme=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"more-info-area\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<area\n\t\t\t\t\tshape=\"polygon\"\n\t\t\t\t\tcoords=\"1852,1171,2159,1289,1961,1543,1774,1499,1706,1344,1781,1275\"\n\t\t\t\t\thref=\"#hotspot-hotspot-62254-11\"\n\t\t\t\t\trel=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle=\"Land and natural resource governance\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Land and natural resource governance\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-action=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-color-scheme=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"more-info-area\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<area\n\t\t\t\t\tshape=\"polygon\"\n\t\t\t\t\tcoords=\"1486,1443,1686,1369,1729,1505,1856,1607,1520,1745\"\n\t\t\t\t\thref=\"#hotspot-hotspot-62254-12\"\n\t\t\t\t\trel=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle=\"Participation\"\n\t\t\t\t\talt=\"Participation\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-action=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-color-scheme=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttarget=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"more-info-area\"\n\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/map>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-info \" id=\"hotspot-hotspot-62254-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hotspot-title\">Recycling<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-thumb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp1.png 684w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp1-300x147.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm\">Preferentially use local renewable resources and close as far as possible resource cycles of nutrients and biomass.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-info \" id=\"hotspot-hotspot-62254-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hotspot-title\">Input reduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-thumb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp2.png 684w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp2-300x146.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Reduce or eliminate dependency on purchased inputs and increase self-sufficiency.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-info \" id=\"hotspot-hotspot-62254-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hotspot-title\">Soil health<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-thumb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp3.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp3.png 684w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp3-300x146.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Secure and enhance soil health and functioning for improved plant growth, particularly by managing organic matter and enhancing soil biological activity.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-info \" id=\"hotspot-hotspot-62254-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hotspot-title\">Animal health<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-thumb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp4.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp4.png 684w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp4-300x146.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0cm\">Ensure animal health and welfare.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-info \" id=\"hotspot-hotspot-62254-4\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hotspot-title\">Biodiversity<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-thumb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp5.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp5.png 684w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp5-300x147.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maintain and enhance diversity of species, functional diversity and genetic resources and thereby maintain overall agroecosystem biodiversity in time and space at field, farm and landscape scales.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-info \" id=\"hotspot-hotspot-62254-5\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hotspot-title\">Synergy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-thumb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp6.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp6.png 684w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp6-300x146.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enhance positive ecological interaction, synergy, integration and complementarity among the elements of agroecosystems (animals, crops, trees, soil and water).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-info \" id=\"hotspot-hotspot-62254-6\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hotspot-title\">Economic diversification<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-thumb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp7.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp7.png 684w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp7-300x147.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Diversify on-farm incomes by ensuring that small-scale farmers have greater financial independence and value addition opportunities while enabling them to respond to demand from consumers.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-info \" id=\"hotspot-hotspot-62254-7\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hotspot-title\">Co-creation of knowledge<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-thumb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp8.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp8.png 684w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp8-300x147.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enhance co-creation and horizontal sharing of knowledge including local and scientific innovation, especially through farmer-to-farmer exchange.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-info \" id=\"hotspot-hotspot-62254-8\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hotspot-title\">Social values and diets<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-thumb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp9.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp9.png 684w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp9-300x146.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Build food systems based on the culture, identity, tradition, social and gender equity of local communities that provide healthy, diversified, seasonally and culturally appropriate diets.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-info \" id=\"hotspot-hotspot-62254-9\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hotspot-title\">Fairness<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-thumb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp10.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp10.png 684w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp10-300x147.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Support dignified and robust livelihoods for all actors engaged in food systems, especially small-scale food producers, based on fair trade, fair employment and fair treatment of intellectual property rights.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-info \" id=\"hotspot-hotspot-62254-10\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hotspot-title\">Connectivity<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-thumb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp11.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp11.png 684w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp11-300x146.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ensure proximity and confidence between producers and consumers through promotion of fair and short distribution networks and by re-embedding food systems into local economies.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-info \" id=\"hotspot-hotspot-62254-11\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hotspot-title\">Land and natural resource governance<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-thumb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp12.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp12.png 684w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp12-300x147.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Strengthen institutional arrangements to improve, including the recognition and support of family farmers, smallholders and peasant food producers as sustainable managers of natural and genetic resources.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-info \" id=\"hotspot-hotspot-62254-12\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"hotspot-title\">Participation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-thumb\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"684\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp13.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp13.png 684w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/wp13-300x147.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 684px) 100vw, 684px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hotspot-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>Encourage social organization and greater participation in decision-making by food producers and consumers to support decentralized governance and local adaptive management of agricultural and food systems.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3520156a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3520156a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_use_container_extras&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ded9e6 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6ded9e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_ob_use_container_extras&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e5cf932 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"2e5cf932\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-7770\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-7770\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> The 13 Principles of agroecology (detailed) <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-7770\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68249ec4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"68249ec4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_container_extras&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff9fd7f text elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff9fd7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Cluster: Improve Resource Efficiency<\/em><\/span><\/h2><p><strong>Recycling<\/strong><\/p><p>Preferentially use local renewable resources and close as far as possible resource cycles of nutrients and biomass.<\/p><p><strong>Input reduction<\/strong><\/p><p>Reduce or eliminate dependency on purchased inputs and increase self-sufficiency.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Cluster: Improve Resource Efficiency<\/em><\/span><\/h2><div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1802\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix elementor-active\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-tab=\"2\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1802\"><p><strong>Soil health<\/strong><br \/>Secure and enhance soil health and functioning for improved plant growth, particularly by managing organic matter and enhancing soil biological activity.<\/p><p><strong>Animal health<\/strong><br \/>Ensure animal health and welfare.<\/p><p><strong>Biodiversity<\/strong><br \/>Maintain and enhance diversity of species, functional diversity and genetic resources and thereby maintain overall agroecosystem biodiversity in time and space at field, farm and landscape scales.<\/p><p><strong>Synergy<\/strong><br \/>Enhance positive ecological interaction, synergy, integration and complementarity among the elements of agroecosystems (animals, crops, trees, soil and water).<\/p><p><strong>Economic diversification<\/strong><br \/>Diversify on-farm incomes by ensuring that small-scale farmers have greater financial independence and value addition opportunities while enabling them to respond to demand from consumers.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/div><h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Cluster: Secure Social Equity<\/em><\/span><\/h2><div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1803\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix elementor-active\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-tab=\"3\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1803\"><p><strong>Co-creation of knowledge<\/strong><br \/>Enhance co-creation and horizontal sharing of knowledge including local and scientific innovation, especially through farmer-to-farmer exchange.<\/p><p><strong>Social values and diets<\/strong><br \/>Build food systems based on the culture, identity, tradition, social and gender equity of local communities that provide healthy, diversified, seasonally and culturally appropriate diets.<\/p><p><strong>Fairness<\/strong><br \/>Support dignified and robust livelihoods for all actors engaged in food systems, especially small-scale food producers, based on fair trade, fair employment and fair treatment of intellectual property rights.<\/p><p><strong>Connectivity<\/strong><br \/>Ensure proximity and confidence between producers and consumers through promotion of fair and short distribution networks and by re-embedding food systems into local economies.<\/p><p><strong>Land and natural resource governance<\/strong><br \/>Strengthen institutional arrangements to improve, including the recognition and support of family farmers, smallholders and peasant food producers as sustainable managers of natural and genetic resources.<\/p><p><strong>Participation<\/strong><br \/>Encourage social organization and greater participation in decision-making by food producers and consumers to support decentralized governance and local adaptive management of agricultural and food systems.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8db21e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8db21e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"transformation\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fa29b0d elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"fa29b0d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9868d2f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9868d2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Food system transformation and agroecology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63292f1 animated-slow e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"63292f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;,&quot;_ob_use_container_extras&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f9e2d6 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4f9e2d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33258e0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"33258e0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1536\" height=\"721\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5LevelsofFoodTransition_13principles_10Elements.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-50967\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5LevelsofFoodTransition_13principles_10Elements.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5LevelsofFoodTransition_13principles_10Elements-300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5LevelsofFoodTransition_13principles_10Elements-1024x481.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/5LevelsofFoodTransition_13principles_10Elements-768x361.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">The 13 principles and the 10+ elements of agroecology aranged according to the five level of food transition adapted from Gliesmann (2007). According to Gliessman\u2019s 5 levels, a system is in line with basic agroecological principles if Level 3 has been reached. Level 4 and 5 are going beyond production and focus on socio-economic aspects such as re-establishing connections between growers and eaters and responsible governance.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1350966 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1350966\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"historical\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ecd4fed elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"ecd4fed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-effdc97 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"effdc97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historical perspective<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d34d93 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9d34d93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_use_container_extras&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-349b4928 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"349b4928\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_ob_use_container_extras&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49e5c970 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"49e5c970\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1230\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1230\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 1930s: Early studies <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1230\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4de2a346 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4de2a346\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_container_extras&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3423903f text elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3423903f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Agroecology first appeared within the scientific literature in the 1930s as a combination of two traditional disciplines, agronomy and ecology, to study biological interactions between crops and other natural elements of the agro-ecosystem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1231\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1231\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 1960s: Lessons from indigenous agriclture <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1231\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b1949c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9b1949c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_container_extras&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb0c916 text elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb0c916\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>From the 60s-70s, this field of research has increasingly broaden its vision, by expending its scale of analysis (from plot to farm to landscape level), and integrating other disciplines (interdisciplinary approach including socioeconomic and political considerations). Those researchers were influenced by the study of indigenous agricultures that routinely incorporated mechanisms to accommodate crops to the variability of the natural environment and to protect them from predation and competition without the use of external inputs. The idea of valorising indigenous agricultural knowledge arise among practitioners. In parallel, the emergence of the ecologist movement, fuelled by the realization of the negative impacts of the green revolution, supported the early adoption of agroecological practices among some farmer communities.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1232\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1232\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 1980s: Questioning the industrialized food system and social movement <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1232\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-354cd3d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"354cd3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_container_extras&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a3eec4 text elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a3eec4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the 80s, it has provided a conceptual framework for the increasing promotion of agroecological practices both in developed and developing countries. Social advocates and grassroots movements are increasingly standing against industrial food system and in favour of small-scale farmers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1233\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1233\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> 2000s: Towards a unified framework for agroecology <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1233\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a347c4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1a347c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_container_extras&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-825e1a0 text elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"825e1a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Since the 2000s, the agroecological framework has embraced the whole food system, defined as a global network of food production, distribution and consumption. Agroecology is recently increasingly promoted and discussed in various forum and appropriated by new actors. Recent years have seen the emergence of a convergence around agroecology, as shown by continental networks of researchers, students, practitioners and advocates, momentum around symposiums and forums. For instance, a few inter-governmental organizations, authoritative scientific or multi-stakeholder bodies coined internationally agreed definitions (e.g. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), World Health Organization (WHO), Committee on World Food Security (CFS), High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE)).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60ac0142 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60ac0142\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1eff5b42 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"1eff5b42\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e291852 text elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e291852\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>The evolution of agroecology as a scientific discipline, a set of practices and a movement:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3337e300 animated-slow e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3337e300\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;,&quot;_ob_use_container_extras&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6356020f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6356020f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"914\" height=\"780\" src=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Historical_Timeline.jpg\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048 wp-image-51468\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Historical_Timeline.jpg 914w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Historical_Timeline-300x256.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Historical_Timeline-768x655.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 914px) 100vw, 914px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">The evolution of agroecology as a scientific discipline, a set of practices and a movement. Source: Silici: 2014<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Designing productive, ecological, and socially equitable food systems while optimizing interactions between plants, animals, humans and the environment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":52443,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":[],"exclude-from-search":[],"class_list":["post-50852","infopool","type-infopool","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/infopool\/50852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/infopool"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/infopool"}],"version-history":[{"count":103,"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/infopool\/50852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70683,"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/infopool\/50852\/revisions\/70683"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/52443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"exclude-from-search","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/exclude-from-search?post=50852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}