{"id":50534,"date":"2024-09-16T01:55:06","date_gmt":"2024-09-15T23:55:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/?post_type=infopool&p=50534"},"modified":"2026-05-11T17:24:35","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T15:24:35","slug":"agroecological-business-case","status":"publish","type":"infopool","link":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/infopool\/agroecological-business-case\/","title":{"rendered":"Agroecological Business Case"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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About our programme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Investing in the Agroecology Business Case (iABC)<\/h3>

We have developed the iABC programme, as enterprises that operate in line with the 13 principles of agroecology (Agroecological Enterprises (AEEs)), are key in supporting the agroecological transformation towards strengthened availability and access to healthy nutrition, resilience, local value generation and sustainability, however, these enterprises are still heavily underfunded. The iABC programme wants to increase the availability of suitable capital and build an enabling environment for enterprises that are aligned with the 13 principles of agroecology in Sub-Saharan Africa.<\/p>

To address this underfunding, the programme focuses on sensitizing donor and investor communities with convincing arguments and research evidence about agroecology and AEEs. Innovative matchmaking events that connect donors and entrepreneurs will be organized. Furthermore, tools such as the Business Agroecology Criteria Tool (based on the current ACT Tool), which enables investors and donors to identify inspiring and promising agroecological enterprises and understand their benefits and contributions towards sustainable food systems, will be developed<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Outcomes and activities of the programme<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPolicy brief on improving the business environment for organic input producers in Kenya\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOrganic inputs like organic fertilizers and biopesticides play an important role in sustainable and economically viable farming. However, the organic inputs sector in Kenya faces a number of challenges that hinder growth, innovation and widespread adoption of these solutions. The Intersectoral Forum for Agrobiodiversity and Agroecology's thematic working group focused on Private Sector and Markets (PSM&C TWG) documented and analysed these challenges. In a collaborative effort with sectoral business associations and with support from Biovision Foundation, PSM&C TWG and produced a policy brief summarizing priority issues and outlining policy recommendations for improving the business environment and catalysing development of the Kenyan organic inputs sector.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tReport on market demand and business environment for agroecological enterprises in Uganda\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe growth of agroecological enterprises (AEEs) presents an opportunity for stimulating agroecological farming. This study provides evidence to back advocacy for increased financial and policy support for Ugandan AEEs. It examines consumer demand and provides a market systems analysis of the business operating environment for AEEs.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tReport on market demand and business environment for agroecological enterprises in Kenya\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe growth of agroecological enterprises (AEEs) presents an opportunity for stimulating agroecological farming. This study provides evidence to back advocacy for increased financial and policy support for Kenyan AEEs. It examines consumer demand and provides a market systems analysis of the business operating environment for AEEs and demand from farmers for agroecological inputs.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Policy brief on mass markets for agroecological products in Kenya \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat is needed so that agroecological markets gain greater recognition and that a favourable regulatory environment for agroecological \/ organic PGS-based products emerges in Kenya?\nRead our new policy brief \"\"Are premium prices a distraction? The potential of Participatory Guarantee Systems to improve smallholder market access and supply agroecological produce to mass markets in Kenya\"\". Key contributors: KOAN, PELUM, Slow Food and Biovision Africa Trust. The research was commissioned by Biovision Foundation and implemented by Practical Action.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Agroecology Investment Guide (AIG) \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFor all donors and investors with questions around why and how to invest in agroecological enterprises, we and our partners have developed a comprehensive guide that compiles the latest evidence and information on the topic. The guide outlines the ways in which agroecological enterprises generate positive social, environmental impacts that contribute to food system transformation. It also explains why investing in agroecological enterprises makes good business sense. The guide also contains inspiring showcases of agroecological enterprises as well as examples of innovative financing mechanisms.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHave a look at the interactive guide<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLearning brief on organic fertilizers \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSoil health in Kenya has declined due to intensive farming practices and an overreliance on chemical fertilizers, leading to nutrient depletion and reduced productivity. Greater use of organic fertilizers and biofertilizers presents solutions for enhanced soil health and sustainability, yet limited consumer demand and supply side constraints in the organic fertilizer sector must first be addressed. This learning brief based presents research carried out with Practical Action and highlights the demand and supply constraints. It calls for demand creation measures coupled with farmer-centric distribution models to stimulate the sector.\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTools to assess and identify AEEs \t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The\u00a0Agroecology Check for Enterprises (ACE)<\/b>\u00a0is designed to quickly identify and assess an enterprise\u2019s alignment with the principles of agroecology. The\u00a0Business Agroecological Criteria Tool (B-ACT)\u00a0<\/b>provides a more thorough screening of enterprises and therefore assists investors and donors when it comes to orienting their funding. In addition, entrepreneurs can assess their alignment with agroecology and learn about areas where they can still improve.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Neycha was established in collaboration with our local partner Shona, to provide capacity, capital and connections to agroecological enterprises in Kenya and Uganda to enable them to grow their impact and businesses. Neycha was launched in 2023.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Background<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Questions about profitability<\/h2>

Critics of agroecology often question the economic viability of agroecological farming practices and, by extension, of businesses engaged in the production, distribution, or sales of agroecological produce.\u00a0They argue that agroecology results in low yields, unquantified costs and risks, and thus lower profits1,2<\/sup>.<\/p>

Current evidence, however, points to the contrary; agroecological farming is economically viable and can be more profitable than conventional farming practices. Furthermore, agroecological practices can strengthen the resilience of agricultural businesses, fostering long-term, sustainable profitability.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The economic viability of agroecology\u00a0<\/h3>

We define economic viability as a state where agricultural businesses are both profitable \u2013 considering yields, prices and productivity \u2013 and resilient. We use these four dimensions to analyze the economic viability of agroecology: Agricultural yields (mostly measured as agricultural production output per hectare) have been at the center of the agricultural policy debate3,4,5. The value of the agricultural output, as the prices received per unit produces, is key to understand the revenues of an agricultural business. Revenues, in turn, need to be considered in context of the costs of production (e.g. land and labor), to give an idea of the total productivity as the ratio between agricultural input and output. Together, yields, prices and productivity are the key drivers of the profitability of any agricultural business. In addition, agricultural businesses aim to achieve a stable economic viability in the long-term. Long-term profitability highly depends on resilience, which requires a sustainable use of natural resources that form the very basis of agricultural production3,6-8.<\/p>

An overview of the conceptual framework of the economic viability of agroecology is presented in the graph on the right. To learn more about a specific dimension, click on the pictures below.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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A conceptual framework of the economic viability of agroecology.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Key messages<\/h3>

\u00a0<\/h4>

Profitability<\/span><\/h4>

Growing evidence suggests that agroecology is profitable – in terms of yields, prices and productivity – and resilient. This objects the widely held notion that agroecological businesses are not lucrative and presents agroecology as an economically viable business option.<\/p>

Finance<\/h4>

For agroecology to unfold its full potential of improving long-term revenues and strengthening the resilience of agricultural value chains, it needs to be matched by sustainable, long-term investment models that seek to deliver social, economic, and environmental value.<\/p>

Human Capital and Knowledge<\/h4>

While agroecological approaches can lower input costs, they make farming practices more knowledge intensive. Agroecology thus requires investing in human capital. Furthermore, creating an informed costumer base and establishing close links between consumers and producers is key.<\/p>

Policy Environment<\/h4>

Agricultural policies need to be transformed to create an enabling policy environment that does not favor intensive food production but provides regulatory incentives and subsidies for sustainable farming practices. Agroecological businesses may benefit from forming strong networks and coalitions to advocate for policy changes and communicate their social, economic and environmental benefits to the broader public.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dimensions of economic viability<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t
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Yields: Agroecological farming can result in higher yields in the long term, as compared to conventional farming approaches <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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Evidence<\/h4>\nComparative studies on different farming systems show that agroecological farming practices have the potential to sustainably increase yields, though these benefits may only manifest after a certain transition time. For example, a meta-analysis on studies from a diverse set of countries found that yields were 16% greater, on average, for agroecological practices as compared to conventional practices7<\/sup>. Similar findings are shown in meta-analyses on conservation agricultural practices, such as reduced tillage and mulching, which are often used as part of agroecological practices. For example, a large meta-analysis on studies from South Asia showed that conservation agriculture increases yields by 5.8%, on average, though yield gains are even higher in maize and wheat-based farming systems9<\/sup>. When comparing yields in conventional and agroecological systems, a distinction between short-term and long-term differences is important. In conventional farming systems, short-term yield gains can result in long-term yield losses across the agricultural landscape, for example, due to soil degradation or loss of biodiversity. In contrast, agroecological approaches aim to sustainably manage the natural resource base, which can result in higher yield gain over time10,11<\/sup>. Empirical evidence on differences in short-term and long-term yields is provided in a meta-analysis on conservation agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa, which found that yield advantages in conservation agriculture may be small at first but gradually increase12<\/sup>. Similar findings are shown in a meta-analysis on agroecological practices13<\/sup>, which finds that increased diversity strongly correlates with more stable production and, therefore, long-term and livelihood resilience (see also section \u201cResilience\u201d). In addition to the time dimension, also the choice of the baseline for comparisons and the metrics chosen to estimate yields, for example, single-crop yields versus more comprehensive metrics for \u201cyield\u201d (such as the land equivalent ratio, LER), are important determinants for the findings.\n

Success Factors<\/h4>\nKey success factors to sustainably increasing yields in agroecological farming is the in \u2018depth knowledge of cropping systems and ecology 2,3,6,14,15\u00a0<\/sup>required to diversify agricultural production (e.g. multiple cropping and crop rotation)16<\/sup>. Therefore, investing in improving and retaining human capital, i.e. the skills, knowledge and experience of employees of agroecological businesses, is critical (see for example, the\u00a0SEKEM showcase<\/a>). Long-term commitment and planning horizons together with beneficial work conditions, are hence crucial to optimize agroecological production and sustainably increasing yields.\n

Barriers<\/h4>\nA key challenge is building the kind of detailed in-depth and context specific knowledge and expertise of agricultural practices needed. When these factors are lacking, agroecological approaches cannot compete effectively with conventional farming systems and its ready to use packages of seed, fertilizer, and pesticide. In addition, key stakeholders, including many policymakers and investors, still tend to focus on short-term gains to achieve rapid financial results. The resulting business environment presents significant barriers for agroecological businesses to attract investment and growth. In Europe, for example, policies have traditionally pushed for agriculture at large scale with a focus on maximizing single crop yields, using more synthetic inputs and requiring more financial investment2,17<\/sup>. These policies are slowly changing by increasingly taking into account social and environmental sustainability17\u201319<\/sup>.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Prices: Agroecological businesses can benefit from increased prices per unit produced and consequently improve the overall revenue of farmers <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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Evidence<\/h4>

Agroecological practices can fetch higher prices per unit produced when appropriate market linkages are established. Agroecology was found to increase the net-income of smallholder households by 14% in India, by between 26% and 49% in Brazil, and by 49% in Senegal, on average. The authors attributed these effects to differences in sales prices. A study from France, using a simulation model, concludes that agroecological farmers have a better medium-term economic results than conventional farms, on average21<\/sup>.<\/p>

Success Factors<\/h4>

A key success factor to increase revenues in agroecological businesses is access to markets that reward agroecologically produced crops. In price-differentiated markets, sales of agroecological produce can result in higher revenues5, 22\u201324, 31<\/sup>. In this regard, linking producers with consumers is critical, and for larger agroecological businesses, establishing direct marketing channels can facilitate building trust and loyalty among consumers, which can result in price premiums (see EOSTA and the Big Carrots showcases as examples)5, 23<\/sup>. Digital solutions can facilitate the efficient matching of producers, traders and consumers (see for example Premium Hortus\u2019s web and mobile platform)25<\/sup>.<\/p>

Barriers<\/h4>

When agroecological businesses lack access to premium markets, as is often the case in segmented local markets of middle- and low-income countries, increased prices and revenues are difficult to realize. Furthermore, \u201cagroecology\u201d, unlike \u201corganic\u201d, is not an established (though costly) label that is easily understood by consumers, which may potentially limit access to premium markets. Agroecological businesses face a challenge to create demand for their products by building awareness of agroecological production and by increasing trust in the benefits of agroecological produce. It may take time for agroecological businesses to build interest and trust that results in a loyal customer base, which emphasizes, again, the need to secure long-term investments. Additionally, agroecological businesses can deliver wider economic benefits (e.g. jobs and employment), as well as environmental and social benefits (positive externalities), while conventional practices often come with substantial costs, which are not accounted for in their pricing (negative externalities). Realizing a relative increase of prices per unit sold in agroecology can be increased when positive externalities are remunerated, and negative externalities accounted for in prices.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Productivity: Agroecology can increase agricultural productivity by reducing external inputs <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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Evidence<\/h4>

Current evidence suggests that agroecology increases agricultural productivity (i.e. the ratio between agricultural production input and output), yet more research is needed to capture context-specific differences and drivers of productivity advantages. Among the few studies to consider the productivity of Agroecology, a three-country study found that smallholder farming households practicing agroecology had higher productivity: 17% in Senegal, 32% in India, and between 26% and 48% in two different regions of Brazil8<\/sup>. The study reports that the main productivity benefits of agroecology are in the reduction of external input use (and their respective costs), which outweighincreased labour costs (that also have positive societal and economic effects). Increased farm profitability (i.e. contrasting total revenues and farm investment) in agroecology is also supported in a meta-analysis, which reports increased profitability associated with agroecological practices in a majority of studies analyzed7<\/sup>. Possibly as a result of these gains, financial reserves of farmers practicing agroecology increased. Likewise, a meta-analysis from South Asia shows that conservation agriculture practices, often used in agroecology, increased net-returns by between 15.7% (rice) and 33.8% (wheat)9<\/sup>.<\/p>

Success Factors<\/h4>

Similar to increasing yields in agroecological systems, building human capacity (e.g. skills, knowledge), labour and investing with a long-term perspective are key success factors to sustainably increasing productivity in agroecological and other sustainable farming systems2,3<\/sup>. Building market knowledge, to understand the demand for agroecological produce, can support agricultural businesses to make informed investment and production decisions20<\/sup>. Additionally, as the productivity benefits of agroecology increase over time, and as an initial investment is needed, there is a need for agroecological businesses to build a solid and long-term capital structure (see for example the showcase on\u00a0Adapta Sert\u00e3o<\/a>).<\/p>

Barriers<\/h4>

When aiming to assess and increase productivity in agroecology, a key barrier is the uneven playing field between agroecological and conventional practices. Specifically, in many countries, preferential rules apply for purchasing agricultural inputs, such as machinery, seeds, or fertilizers, which artificially lower the costs of conventionally produced crops as compared to crops from agroecological production. In agroecology, a big part of the production costs pertains to labour costs, which are rarely subsidized. Hence, agroecology benefits little from regulatory incentives and payments that drive costs down in conventional agriculture. For productivity to further increase in agroecological farming systems, these structural barriers need to be addressed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Resilience: Agroecology fosters resilience to external shocks, such as adverse climatic conditions or volatility in agricultural input prices <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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Evidence<\/h4>

To be economically viable in the long-term, any agricultural businesses needs to be resilient to external shocks, including shocks from climatic change. The resilience in agricultural production can be fostered through re-designing agroecological systems through agroecology4, 7, 11, 26, 27<\/sup>. A diverse multi-cropping design, which is a key element of agroecological principles, can serve as a cushion over losses in selected crops, e.g. due to pests and diseases1, 8, 11, 14, 17, 28<\/sup>. Having a diversity of crops and plants fosters ecosystem services like pollination and natural pest control, which decreases vulnerability to shocks3, 6, 7, 29, 31<\/sup>. Moreover, nutrient recycling in agroecology can help reducing dependence on external inputs and their volatile prices10, 15, 25, 26<\/sup>.\u00a0A recent study by FAO, FIBL and Biovision<\/span><\/a>, demonstrated the benefits of agroecology as a resilience strategy13<\/sup>.<\/p>

Success Factors<\/h4>

Although agroecology enhances resilience, any agricultural business, including agroecological businesses, are to some extent vulnerable to external shocks, yield, and price crashes. However, agroecological businesses can become less vulnerable to external shocks through reduced dependency on external inputs. A key success strategy for agroecological businesses is to build adequate financial capital and other reserves (e.g., including safe grain reserves13<\/sup>) to withstand periods of decreased revenues, while maintaining operations and retaining the investment made in building human capital. A sound capital basis is therefore critical. Agroecology, however, can offer a unique return to risk profile as compared to other investment opportunities, which allows investors to diversify their portfolio and thereby hedge against long-run risks (see showcases on\u00a0SEKEM<\/a><\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0BNP Paribas S.A.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0for examples).<\/p>

Barriers<\/h4>

A key challenge is the prevailing policy environment that punishes rather than remunerates investments in the long-term resilience of farming systems. Agroecological businesses can be supported by facilitating access of agricultural enterprises to long-term funding opportunities, and by novel regulatory incentives that focus on long-term gains. However, agroecological businesses, in contrast to many large and well-connected actors in the food system, have limited policy influence to bring about such favourable policy changes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Success Factors and Barriers for Upscaling Agroecology<\/h2>

Current evidence shows that agroecology is an economically viable farming system and therefore a worthwhile business option. In the SWOT analysis (Strengths, Opportunities, Weaknesses, Threats) below, we outline several success factors and challenges that might help or hinder agroecological businesses, policy makers and other actors in reaping the economic benefits of agroecology. These reveal possible entry points for actors looking to strengthen the economic viability of their own agroecological initiatives.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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SWOT analysis of agreocological businesses.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t
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Literature <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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1. Oxfam. Scaling up AE approaches. Igarss 2014 1\u20135 (2014) doi:10.1007\/s13398-014-0173-7.2.<\/p>

2. Wezel, A. et al. Challenges and action points to amplify agroecology in Europe. Sustain. 10, 1\u201312 (2018).<\/p>

3. Seufert, V. & Ramankutty, N. Many shades of gray\u2014The context-dependent performance of organic agriculture. Sci. Adv. 3, e1602638 (2017).<\/p>

4. FAO. Guiding the Transition To Sustainable Food and Agricultural Systems the 10 Elements of Agroecology. (2016).<\/p>

5. Crowder, D. W. & Reganold, J. P. Financial competitiveness of organic agriculture on a global scale. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 112, 7611\u20137616 (2015).<\/p>

6. Garibaldi, L. A. et al. Farming Approaches for Greater Biodiversity, Livelihoods, and Food Security. Trends Ecol. Evol. 32, 68\u201380 (2017).<\/p>

7. D\u2019Annolfo, R., Gemmill-Herren, B., Graeub, B. & Garibaldi, L. A. A review of social and economic performance of agroecology. Int. J. Agric. Sustain. 15, 632\u2013644 (2017).<\/p>

8. Chappell, M. J. et al. Agroecology as a Pathway towards Sustainable Food Systems. https:\/\/pureportal.coventry.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/agroecology-as-a-pathway-towards-sustainable-food-systems (2018).<\/p>

9. Jat, M. L. et al. Conservation agriculture for sustainable intensification in South Asia. Nat. Sustain. 3, 336\u2013343 (2020).<\/p>

10. Bennett, E. M., Balvanera, P. & Folke, C. Toward a More Resilient Agriculture. Solut. J. 5, 65\u201375 (2014).<\/p>

11. HLPE. Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A Rep. by High Lev. Panel Expert. Food Secur. Nutr. Comm. World Food Secur. 1\u2013162 (2019).<\/p>

12. Corbeels, M., Naudin, K., Whitbread, A. M., K\u00fchne, R. & Letourmy, P. Limits of conservation agriculture to overcome low crop yields in sub-Saharan Africa. Nat. Food 1, 447\u2013454 (2020).<\/p>

13. F Leippert, M Darmaun, M Bernoux, M Mpheshea. The potential of agroecology to build climate-resilient livelihoods and food systems. (FAO and Biovision, 2020). doi:10.4060\/cb0438en.<\/p>

14. Dumont, A. M., Vanloqueren, G., Stassart, P. M. & Baret, P. V. Clarifying the socioeconomic dimensions of agroecology: between principles and practices. Agroecol. Sustain. Food Syst. 40, 24\u201347 (2016).<\/p>

15. Silici, L. Agroecology. What It Is And What It Has To Offer. Int. Inst. Environ. Dev. London 1\u201327 (2014).<\/p>

16. Ponisio, L. C. et al. Diversification practices reduce organic to conventional yield gap. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 282, (2015).<\/p>

17. Inkota-netzwerk e. V., A. von M. et al. Strengthening Agroecology. Sustainability (Switzerland) vol. 10 www.bothends.org (2019).<\/p>

18. Siegner, A. B., Acey, C. & Sowerwine, J. Producing urban agroecology in the East Bay: from soil health to community empowerment. Agroecol. Sustain. Food Syst. 44, 566\u2013593 (2020).<\/p>

19. Formisano, V., Quattrociocchi, B., Fedele, M. & Calabrese, M. From viability to sustainability: The contribution of the Viable Systems Approach (VSA). Sustain. 10, 1\u201317 (2018).<\/p>

20. United Nations. United Nations General Assembly. International Organization vol. 11 (2011).<\/p>

21. Gr\u00e9millet, A. & Fosse, J. Am\u00e9liorer les performances \u00e9conomiques et environnementales de l\u2019agriculture\u202f: les co\u00fbts et b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de l\u2019agro\u00e9cologie. https:\/\/www.strategie.gouv.fr\/sites\/strategie.gouv.fr\/files\/atoms\/files\/fs-2020-dt-agroecologie-aout.pdf (2020).<\/p>

22. de Molina, M. G. & Guzm\u00e1n Casado, G. I. Agroecology and ecological intensification. A discussion from a metabolic point of view. Sustain. 9, (2017).<\/p>

23. Pawlewicz, A. Change of price premiums trend for organic food products: The example of the polish egg market. Agric. 10, 14\u201318 (2020).<\/p>

24. R\u00f6\u00f6s, E. et al. Risks and opportunities of increasing yields in organic farming. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development (2018) doi:10.1007\/s13593-018-0489-3.<\/p>

25. FAO. Constructing markets for agroecology\u202f: an analysis of diverse options for marketing products from agroecology \/ by Loconto, A., Jimenez, A. & Vandecandelaere, E. (2018).<\/p>

26. FAO. Catalysing Dialogue and Cooperation To Scale Up Agroecology. (2018).<\/p>

27. Altieri, M. A., Funes-Monzote, F. R. & Petersen, P. Agroecologically efficient agricultural systems for smallholder farmers: Contributions to food sovereignty. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 32, 1\u201313 (2012).<\/p>

28. Isbell, F. et al. Benefits of increasing plant diversity in sustainable agroecosystems. J. Ecol. 105, 871\u2013879 (2017).<\/p>

29. Urruty, N., Tailliez-Lefebvre, D. & Huyghe, C. Stability, robustness, vulnerability and resilience of agricultural systems. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 36, 1\u201315 (2016).<\/p>

30. Suen, H. K. Principles of Test Theories. (Routledge, 2012).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Beryl\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Beryl Atieno Munika auf ihrem Push-Pull-Feld in Kenia. Im Vordergrund w\u00e4chst das Elefantengras, das die Sch\u00e4dlinge anzieht. Zwischen den Maispflanzen ist das Bohnengew\u00e4chs Desmodium zu erkennen, welches den Boden sch\u00fctzt und die Sch\u00e4dlinge abst\u00f6sst.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Agroecological Enterprises (AEEs) are crucial for promoting healthy nutrition, resilience, and sustainability. Despite their importance, they remain underfunded. The iABC Programme aims to change this by increasing capital availability and creating a supportive environment for AEEs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":2680,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":[],"exclude-from-search":[],"class_list":["post-50534","infopool","type-infopool","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/infopool\/50534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/infopool"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/infopool"}],"version-history":[{"count":81,"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/infopool\/50534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":76332,"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/infopool\/50534\/revisions\/76332"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2680"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"exclude-from-search","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.biovision.ch\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/exclude-from-search?post=50534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}